{"id":1383,"date":"2019-02-08T10:19:52","date_gmt":"2019-02-08T10:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitalhumanrights.blog\/?p=1383"},"modified":"2019-02-09T08:43:31","modified_gmt":"2019-02-09T08:43:31","slug":"my-data-belong-to-me-about-data-ownership","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digitalhumanrights.blog\/en\/my-data-belong-to-me-about-data-ownership\/","title":{"rendered":"Our data belong to us \u2013 don\u2019t they? About data ownership"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.19&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|31.09375px|0px|false|false&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;30px|0px|15.546875px|0px|false|false&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.19&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.19&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.19&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The question of who owns the data treasure we have created, who is allowed to process it and why that is so, has not been answered to date. Some people think that it\u2019s even better that way: That data ownership was Pandora\u2019s box, the beginning of the end. Here are a few approaches to a fundamental question of the information age.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shopping. Crossing a street. Call your mother. Plan a trip. Even if we read an old book in our armchair at home \u2013 we generate data. Or let&#8217;s rather say: information. About our electricity consumption, our account balance, about our thoughts. From this information, as we know, large models can be compounded \u2013 for all citizens, all road users, all consumers, but also for you and me as individuals. The data we collect describes us more accurately than we ourselves could. They are literally <strong>a part of ourselves<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:paragraph --><strong>Therefore, the sentence &#8220;My data belong to me&#8221; meets a natural sense of justice. \u2013 Who else should they belong to? Who presumes to steal it from me?<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.golem.de\/news\/datenschutz-wem-nuetzt-ein-neues-eigentum-an-daten-1805-134162.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">But it\u2019s not that simple<\/a>. In our gbs position paper \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalhumanrights.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/howshoulditwork.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How should IT work?<\/a>\u201d we write about it:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>In order to receive benefits, comfort, bonus points or attention, we give away control over our data on a daily basis. Not everyone who has an interest in this means well with us. The following must apply: Even if we share information about ourselves, i.e. grant others rights of use for the time being, it is essentially inalienable. Laws, business conditions and technical solutions must do justice to this.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The term <em>rights of use<\/em> is borrowed from copyright. My copyright in a text or graphic is inalienable, I can only grant others a (possibly exclusive) right of use. Advertisers or architects are familiar with this: If the user is utilzing my creation in an inappropriate way (e.g. concerning distribution or execution), I can withdraw the right of use or make additional demands if necessary.\u00a0In Germany, e.g. the lawsuit of the architect Gerkan against Deutsche Bahn manager\u00a0Mehdorn has become famous, after Mehdorn ordered disfiguring changes to his building plans.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore a right of use can never be a total &#8220;buy out&#8221;, this is even excluded from copyright.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>But informations are not \u201eworks of art\u201c?<\/h4>\n<p>Now the right concerning an information is not to be equated with copyright. If you make a traffic census on a street using a tally sheet, the anonymous road users have little right to the information collected. But when you record their number plates, that is something else. The focus on me as the subject of the information gives rise to my right to be informed and to have a say in my data \u2013 even if the author is someone else. The same applies, for example, to photos of me being taken by someone.<\/p>\n<p>The question also arises: Do data have the necessary <strong>level of creation<\/strong> to establish intellectual property? This terrain has not been satisfactorily developed by law. And the tech companies, of course, promptly interpret this fact in their favour. That&#8217;s also true: If I walk along a path with my mobile phone, it&#8217;s not an intellectual creation. But it is <strong>sensitively linked to my person<\/strong>. And that\u2019s enough to get me to authorize a recording. This is where the analogy to intellectual property ends.<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>link<\/strong> (e.g. facebook \u201cfriends\u201d) is also a clear case: Both parties have a right to this information, similar to a photographer and his model. A use requires the authorization of both. In most cases people will automatically agree, but there are exceptions. If one is the British Queen, for example, a licence is needed to write &#8220;By Appointment To Her Majesty &#8230;&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Data ownership &#8211; Pandora\u2019s box?<\/h4>\n<p>In the German Wikipedia there is only one paragraph concerning the keyword <em>data ownership<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>According to applicable law, ownership of the data itself (unlike, for example, the data carrier on which they are stored) is not possible, since ownership in the civil-law sense (\u00a7 903 BGB) can only exist in principle for objects, i.e. physical objects (\u00a7 90 BGB). In many cases, however, the concept of property (including, but not limited to, digital data) is equated with the right of access and disposal.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digitale_Daten\"><cite>https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digitale_Daten<\/cite><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Note: The latter would not be property or ownership, but posession.<\/p>\n<p>The European Charter of Fundamental Rights contradicts this when it simply says in <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=OJ:C:2007:303:FULL&amp;from=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Art. 17 (2)<\/a>: \u201c<span>Intellectual property shall be protected\u201d<\/span>. Whoever recognises patents and copyrights as inheritable property would logically also have to recognise data as intangible property.<\/p>\n<p>In the English Wikipedia, quite significantly, the term \u201cdata ownership\u201d includes the retention of title of the \u201ccreator\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span>Data ownership refers to the rights of the creator of data as opposed to the subject of the data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_ownership\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_ownership<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>And it is this quasi expropriating view that makes the term data ownership seem so dangerous to many. \u201cWe built the device \/ control the interface, so we own the data.\u201d Now, whoever built the James Joyce\u2019s typewriter does not have the copyright to <em>Ulysses<\/em>. But that&#8217;s exactly what car manufacturers demand, if they secure their access and rights to mobility data. In Germany even with the backing of the Ministry of Transport.<\/p>\n<p>In defence of such a de facto surprise, the Federation of German Consumer Organisations, for example, has proclaimed that there is simply no need to clarify the issue of data ownership beyond the question of data protection. But this also means recognising the power of the factual and legitimising whoever has his hands on the data as their owner.\u00a0GDPR applied or not \u2013 a part of my digital self would be a freely tradable commodity \u2013 except for me.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>What does that mean in concrete terms?<\/h4>\n<p>So I buy a car and the included software wants to call home all the time. According to our theory, the car company must not use the data without further permission. Of course they have to sign a contract with me. They will probably get my consent if they can convince me that they will take care of anonymizing my data. My trust increases their market value.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, therefore, <strong>credibility<\/strong> is also at stake. Companies rightly fear that trust in their data protection will become a powerful factor in the customer relationship beyond the purchase. The <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cluetrain.com\" target=\"_blank\">Cluetrain Manifesto<\/a>\u00a0predicted it in 1999: &#8220;Markets are conversations&#8221;. Whether I really have a fair choice depends on the market position of the provider, in interaction with consumer expectations. The former has to be examined by the antitrust authorities, the latter we have to develop ourselves.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:paragraph -->This brings us to the <strong>right of withdrawal<\/strong>: Must Toyota, BMW, Facebook or Google delete the information collected about me if I change my mind and withdraw my right of use? Of course \u2013 as long as the information can be attributed to me, you must give me the opportunity to do so. This is exactly what the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Data_Protection_Regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GDPR<\/a> regulates (consent, transparency, right to be forgotten). A generally valid standard, which arbitrary use of data must be regarded as immoral, does not yet exist. In case of doubt, courts must clarify this.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>If it\u2019s mine, I can sell it?<\/h4>\n<p>Having accepted the concept of \u201cinformation about me is an inalienable part of my person\u201d, the question of <strong>monetization<\/strong> still arises. If data is the new oil, isn\u2019t the idea obvious to get payed for it as the source of the data? Let\u2019s say not as an unconditional, but as a data-related basic income. (More about a data taxes some other time.)<\/p>\n<p>With all the charm of this idea, I personally don\u2019t believe that such a payment of data is suitable for a real participation of society in the added value of the tech companies. If the power is distributed accordingly &#8230; who knows. But the added value of the apps on offer seems already enough to motivate us. Rather than oil, data is comparable to water, which we drink and excrete and which passes into our blood, precious and available at the same time, and inseparably linked to us. I rather think that <strong>those who use data cleverly will continue to make a good living<\/strong> from it in the future \u2013 not those who want\/have to disclose it, or who cause it en passant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>But we can expect fair consideration, transparency, accountability and privacy by design, can&#8217;t we?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately not at the moment. Because many companies that claim to share these values show little interest in keeping their promises. At least as long as they are not forced to do so with thumbscrews and glowing irons. Why should they?\u00a0Car manufacturers today are saving on urgently needed cryptochips worth one euro. Health apps are so ridiculously <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=82Hfh1AItiQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">easy to hack<\/a>, that you should keep your hands off them, however useful they may be.<\/p>\n<p>Fairness would also mean that social media companies would have to give up their monopolies by opening up their interfaces. Only in this way could alternative providers establish themselves and one really would have a choice to say &#8220;no&#8221;. And voluntarily they never do. This is where antitrust law and the judiciary are called upon to act: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Do your damn Job! (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/s\/no-mercy-no-malice\/no-mercy-no-malice-2018s-most-innovative-firm-102282a5de30\" target=\"_blank\">Do your damn Job!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>The moaning about the GDPR and the questions of implementation<\/h4>\n<p>Now I immediately hear the objections as to how all this could be practically accomplished: The \u201cexaggerated data protection\u201d was an obstacle for the economy, so we could not keep up internationally, etc. \u2013 You must be kidding me.<\/p>\n<p>Honestly, there are massive <strong>interests<\/strong> involved. The acquisition of, let&#8217;s say: mobility data from cars is a huge business. <strong>If you want something from your customers, you just have to be familiar with the matter.<\/strong> And there are concepts. There is anonymization of Big Data. There are pseudonymous identities. There is data economy, blockchain and encryption.<\/p>\n<p>And there is the interesting concept of not handing over data at all, but keeping it available on a personal server for (contractually regulated) processing. If I pull the plug, that was it. This sounds complicated. But such a physical self-security is exactly the user\u2019s reaction we have to expect when credibility, transparency and self-determination are lost. Once this concept has matured, it could become the starting point for a complete parallel economy in the event of a crisis.<\/p>\n<p>To describe a &#8220;European solo attempt&#8221; such as the GDPR as a competitive disadvantage is likely to go down in history as a particularly stupid mistake. The EU has thus set a standard for at least 500 million people, which is being respected worldwide and can no longer be ignored.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lobbyist smoke candles<\/strong> like a misunderstood \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.heise.de\/newsticker\/meldung\/Datensouveraenitaet-Die-Saege-am-informationellen-Selbstbestimmungsrecht-3953776.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data sovereignty<\/a>\u201d try to deceive us. As if we were always well informed and free to decide to whom we will sell our data, never to be seen again.\u00a0Quite often the consumer won\u2019t even know what his device is telling about him. No one could possibly read through all the terms and conditions that he accepts with a single click. He can demand both understandable clarification and the possibility of ending a spook that has gone out of control with a strike.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:paragraph --> <!-- divi:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>Finally, allow me a brief forecast:<\/h4>\n<p><strong>China will impress us with its rigid policy of incapacitation. But we will see a future worth living in Europe if we are consistent and committed to self-determination.<\/strong>\u00a0The USA still has to decide. I do not see an interim solution that manages without full respect for our digital personas. And as a clear legal expression of informational self-determination, inalienable ownership of personal data could turn out to be very valuable.<\/p>\n<p>&lt;&lt;<\/p>\n<p><span>Photo by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/1pDE6r8A-Hc?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Derek Owens<\/a><span> on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/search\/photos\/selfie?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The question of who owns the data treasure we have created, who is allowed to process it and why that is so, has not been answered to date. Some people think that it\u2019s even better that way: That data ownership was Pandora\u2019s box, the beginning of the end. Here are a few approaches to a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Die Frage, wem der von uns verursachte Datenschatz geh\u00f6rt, wer ein Recht hat, damit zu arbeiten und worauf sich das begr\u00fcndet, ist eine der Grundfragen des Informationszeitalters.&nbsp;Sie&nbsp;ist&nbsp;noch&nbsp;nicht&nbsp;ausdefiniert,&nbsp;aber&nbsp;wir&nbsp;haben&nbsp;ein paar&nbsp;Ans\u00e4tze.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Einkaufen. \u00dcber eine Stra\u00dfe gehen. Mutter anrufen. Eine Reise planen. Selbst wenn wir zuhause im Sessel ein altes Buch lesen, \u2013 wir erzeugen Daten. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sagen wir lieber: Informationen. \u00dcber unseren Stromverbrauch, unseren Kontostand, \u00fcber unsere Gedanken. Wie wir wissen, lassen sich aus diesen Informationen gro\u00dfe Modelle errechnen \u2013 f\u00fcr die Gesamtheit der B\u00fcrger, Verkehrsteilnehmer, Verbraucher, aber auch f\u00fcr dich und mich als einzelne Person. Unsere Daten beschreiben uns treffender, als wir selbst es k\u00f6nnen. Sie sind buchst\u00e4blich ein <strong>Teil unseres Selbst<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Der Satz \u201eMeine Daten geh\u00f6ren mir\u201c trifft daher ein nat\u00fcrliches Rechtsempfinden. Wem sonst? Wer ma\u00dft sich an, sie mir zu entwenden? <\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Doch ganz so einfach ist es nicht (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.golem.de\/news\/datenschutz-wem-nuetzt-ein-neues-eigentum-an-daten-1805-134162.html\" target=\"_blank\">Doch ganz so einfach ist es nicht<\/a>. In unserem gbs-Positionspapier \u201e<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"WIE muss Technik? (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/digitalhumanrights.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/wiemusstechnik_gbs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">WIE muss Technik?<\/a>\u201c schreiben wir dazu:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Um Leistungen, Komfort, Bonuspunkte oder Aufmerksamkeit zu erhalten, geben wir die Kontrolle \u00fcber unsere Daten t\u00e4glich preis. Nicht jeder, der ein&nbsp;Interesse daran hat, meint es gut mit uns.&nbsp;Dabei muss gelten: Auch wenn wir Informationen \u00fcber uns teilen, anderen also bis auf Weiteres&nbsp;Nutzungsrechte daf\u00fcr einr\u00e4umen, so sind sie doch unver\u00e4u\u00dferlich.&nbsp;Gesetze, Gesch\u00e4ftsbedingungen und technische L\u00f6sungen m\u00fcssen dem gerecht&nbsp;werden.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Der Begriff \u201eNutzungsrechte\u201c ist dabei dem Urheberrecht entlehnt. Mein Urheberrecht an einem Text oder einer Grafik ist <strong>unver\u00e4u\u00dferlich<\/strong>, ich kann anderen daran nur ein (ggf. exklusives) Nutzungsrecht einr\u00e4umen. Werber oder Architekten kennen das: Treibt der Nutzer Schindluder mit meiner Kreation oder nutzt sie krass gegen die Erwartung (z.B. was die Verbreitung oder Ausf\u00fchrung angeht), kann ich ihm das Nutzungsrecht notfalls entziehen oder Nachforderungen stellen.&nbsp;Bekannt geworden ist z.B. der Rechtsstreit des Architekten Gerkhan gegen die von Bahnchef Mehdorn verf\u00fcgte \u00c4nderung an Baupl\u00e4nen. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ein Nutzungsrecht ist also kein totaler \u201eBuy out\u201c, dieser wird vom Urheberrecht sogar ausgeschlossen.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Aber Informationen sind doch keine \u201eWerke\u201c?<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nun ist das Recht an einer Information nicht gleichzusetzen mit dem Urheberrecht. Wenn ich an einer Stra\u00dfe per Strichliste eine Verkehrsz\u00e4hlung mache, dann haben die anonymen Verkehrsteilnehmer wenig Rechte an den gesammelten Informationen. Wenn ich aber ihre Nummernschilder erfasse, ist das etwas anderes. Aus dem Fokus auf das Subjekt der Information begr\u00fcndet sich dessen Recht, Bescheid zu wissen und \u00fcber \u201eseine\u201c Daten (mit) zu bestimmen \u2013 auch wenn der Urheber ein anderer ist.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Auch stellt sich die Frage: Haben Daten die n\u00f6tige <strong>Sch\u00f6pfungsh\u00f6he<\/strong>, um ein geistiges Eigentum zu begr\u00fcnden? Dieses Terrain ist gesetzlich nicht befriedigend erschlossen. Und die Tech-Konzerne legen diesen Umstand nat\u00fcrlich prompt zu ihren Gunsten aus. Stimmt ja auch: Wenn ich mit meinem Handy einen Weg entlang gehe ist das keine geistige Sch\u00f6pfung. Aber es ist <strong>auf sensible Weise mit meiner Person verkn\u00fcpft und das gen\u00fcgt, um eine Erfassung von mir autorisieren zu lassen.<\/strong> Hier h\u00f6rt die Analogie zum geistigen Eigentum auf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Eine <strong>Verkn\u00fcpfung<\/strong> (z.B. \u201eFriends\u201c) scheint mir ein diesem Lichte ebenfalls ein klarer Fall: Beide Beteiligten haben ein Recht an dieser Information, \u00e4hnlich wie ein Fotograf und ein Modell. Eine Verwendung bedarf der Autorisierung beider. Im Normalfall wird das vorausgesetzt, aber wenn das eine z.B. die britische K\u00f6nigin ist, braucht es eben eine Genehmigung um schreiben zu d\u00fcrfen \u201eBy Appointment To Her Majesty \u2026\u201c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Im deutschsprachigen Wikipedia findet sich zum Stichwort <em>Dateneigentum<\/em> nur der folgende Absatz:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Nach geltendem Recht ist an den Daten selbst (anders als etwa an dem Datentr\u00e4ger, auf dem sie gespeichert sind) kein Eigentum m\u00f6glich, da Eigentum im zivilrechtlichen Sinne (\u00a7 903 BGB) grunds\u00e4tzlich nur an Sachen, also k\u00f6rperlichen Gegenst\u00e4nden (\u00a7 90 BGB), bestehen kann. Vielfach wird der Begriff des Eigentums (auch, aber nicht nur an digitalen Daten) im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch allerdings gleichgesetzt mit Zugriffs- und Verf\u00fcgungsbefugnis.<\/p><cite>https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digitale_Daten<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Was bedeutet das konkret?<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ich kaufe also ein Auto und die damit verbundene Software m\u00f6chte st\u00e4ndig nach hause telefonieren. Der Autokonzern darf \u2013 nach unserer Theorie \u2013 die Daten auf keinen Fall ohne weiteres Nutzen. Er muss nat\u00fcrlich einen Vertrag mit mir schlie\u00dfen. Mein Einverst\u00e4ndnis wird er wohl bekommen, wenn er glaubhaft macht, dass er sich um die Anonymisierung k\u00fcmmert. Mein Vertrauen steigert seinen Marktwert. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Hier geht es also um <strong>Glaubw\u00fcrdigkeit<\/strong>. Firmen bef\u00fcrchten zu Recht, dass Vertrauen \u00fcber den Kauf hinaus zu einem m\u00e4chtigen Faktor in der Kundenbeziehung wird. Das <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cluetrain.com\" target=\"_blank\">Cluetrain Manifest<\/a> hat es 1999 vorhergesagt: \u201eMarkets are conversations\u201c. Ob ich in Praxis wirklich eine Wahl habe, entscheidet die Marktposition des Anbieters in einer Wechselwirkung mit der Verbrauchererwartung. Und letztere gilt es zu schulen.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Damit kommen wir zum <strong>Widerrufsrecht<\/strong>: M\u00fcssen der Autokonzern, Facebook, Google die \u00fcber mich gesammelten Informationen l\u00f6schen, wenn ich es mir anders \u00fcberlege und das Nutzungsrecht zur\u00fcckziehe? Selbstverst\u00e4ndlich \u2013 solange die Informationen meiner Person zuzuordnen sind m\u00fcssen sie mir dazu angemessen Gelegenheit geben. Genau das regelt die <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"DSGVO (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datenschutz-Grundverordnung#Grunds\u00e4tze_der_Verarbeitung_personenbezogener_Daten\" target=\"_blank\">DSGVO<\/a> (Einwilligung, Transparenz, Recht auf Vergessenwerden) und in Deutschland das Recht auf <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"informationelle Selbstbestimmung (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Informationelle_Selbstbestimmung\" target=\"_blank\">informationelle Selbstbestimmung<\/a>. Eine allgemein g\u00fcltige Regelung, welche eigenm\u00e4chtige Datennutzung als sittenwidrig zu gelten hat, gibt es bisher nicht \u2013 das m\u00fcssen im Zweifelsfall Gerichte kl\u00e4ren.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Was mir geh\u00f6rt, kann ich doch verkaufen?<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Auch wenn man das Konzept \u201eInformationen \u00fcber mich sind unver\u00e4u\u00dferlicher Teil meiner Person\u201c akzeptiert hat, stellt sich die Frage nach der <strong>Monetarisierung<\/strong>. Wenn Daten das neue \u00d6l sind \u2013 was l\u00e4ge n\u00e4her, als sich daf\u00fcr als Erzeuger der Daten bezahlen zu lassen? Quasi als datenbedingtes Grundeinkommen. (\u00dcber eine <a href=\"http:\/\/www.taz.de\/!5506081\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Datensteuer (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\">Datensteuer<\/a> an anderer Stelle mehr.)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ich glaube ganz pers\u00f6nlich nicht, dass eine Bezahlung von Daten zu einer echten Teilhabe der Gesellschaft an der Wertsch\u00f6pfung der Tech-Konzerne taugt. Eher als mit Erd\u00f6l sind Daten mit Wasser vergleichbar, das wir trinken und ausscheiden und das in unser Blut \u00fcbergeht, kostbar und untrennbar mit uns verbunden. Vielleicht hinkt der vergleich, aber wer vom Blutspenden leben will, hat es ganz sch\u00f6n schwer.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ich vermute eher, <strong>von Daten werden auch in Zukunft diejenigen gut leben, die sie clever nutzen<\/strong> \u2013 nicht diejenigen, die sie preisgeben oder quasi nebenbei verursachen.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201eAber eine faire Gegenleistung,&nbsp;Transparenz, Verantwortlichkeit&nbsp;und Privacy by Design d\u00fcrfen wir schon erwarten, oder?\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Zur Zeit leider nicht.<\/strong> Denn viele Firmen, die diese Werte gern in ihre Prospekte schreiben, zeigen keinerlei Anstalten, ihre Versprechen einzul\u00f6sen. Zumindest solange sie nicht mit Daumenschrauben und gl\u00fchenden Eisen dazu gezwungen werden. Warum sollten sie? Zu dieser Fairness w\u00fcrde schlie\u00dflich auch geh\u00f6ren, dass Social-Media-Konzerne ihre Monopole durch \u00d6ffnung ihrer Schnittstellen aufgeben m\u00fcssten. Nur so k\u00f6nnten sich alternative Anbieter etablieren und man h\u00e4tte wirklich eine Wahl, \u201enein\u201c zu sagen. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Freiwillig tun sie das niemals. Autobauer sparen lieber einen Euro, als ihrem Modell einen dringen erforderlichen Kryptochip zu spendieren. Hier sind also das Kartellrecht und die Justiz gefordert: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Do your damn Job! (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/s\/no-mercy-no-malice\/no-mercy-no-malice-2018s-most-innovative-firm-102282a5de30\" target=\"_blank\">Do your damn Job!<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Das Gejammer \u00fcber die DSGVO und die Fragen der Umsetzung<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ich h\u00f6re schon sogleich die Einspr\u00fcche, wie das alles praktisch zu bewerkstelligen sei: Der \"\u00fcbertriebene Datenschutz\" sein eine \"Bremse f\u00fcr die Wirtschaft\u201c, so k\u00f6nne man international nicht mithalten. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Ja, sagt mal \u2013 geht's noch?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ganz ehrlich, hier sind massive <strong>Interessen<\/strong> im Spiel. Die Gewinnung von, sagen wir mal: Mobilit\u00e4tsdaten von Autos ist ein Riesengesch\u00e4ft. <strong>Wer etwas von seinen Kunden will, muss sich eben anstrengen und mit der Materie auskennen.<\/strong> Und es gibt Konzepte. Es gibt Anonymisierung von Big Data. Es gibt pseudonyme Identit\u00e4ten. Es gibt Datensparsamkeit, Blockchain und Verschl\u00fcsselung.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Und es gibt das interessante Konzept, Daten gar nicht aus der Hand zu geben, sondern auf einem pers\u00f6nlichen Server zur Verarbeitung (gem\u00e4\u00df Vertrag) bereit zu halten. Wenn ich den Stecker ziehe, ist Schluss. Das klingt kompliziert. Eine solche physische Eigensicherung ist aber genau die Reaktion der User, die wir zu erwarten haben, wenn Glaubw\u00fcrdigkeit, Transparenz und Selbstbestimmung verloren gehen. Wenn dieses Konzept ausgereift ist, k\u00f6nnte es im Krisenfall Ausgangspunkt einer kompletten Parallelwirtschaft sein.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Einen \u201eeurop\u00e4ischen Alleingang\u201c (von 500 Mio. Menschen!) wie die DSGVO als Wettbewerbsnachteil zu bezeichnen d\u00fcrfte als wirklich d\u00e4mlicher Irrtum in die Geschichte eingehen. Die EU hat damit einen Standard gesetzt, der weltweit Beachtung findet und nicht mehr aus der Welt zu schaffen ist. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Lobbyistische Nebelkerzen<\/strong> wie eine falsch verstandene \u201e<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Datensouver\u00e4nit\u00e4t (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.heise.de\/newsticker\/meldung\/Datensouveraenitaet-Die-Saege-am-informationellen-Selbstbestimmungsrecht-3953776.html\" target=\"_blank\">Datensouver\u00e4nit\u00e4t<\/a>\u201c versuchen uns zu t\u00e4uschen. Als seien wir stets im Bilde und k\u00f6nnten frei entscheiden, wem wir unsere Daten auf nimmerwiedersehen verkaufen. Im Zweifelsfall durchblickt der Konsument ja nicht mal, was sein Ger\u00e4t alles \u00fcber ihn verr\u00e4t. Da darf er sowohl Aufkl\u00e4rung verlangen, als auch die M\u00f6glichkeit, einen au\u00dfer Kontrolle geratenen Spuk mit einem Handstreich zu beenden.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Meine Prognose? <\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>China wird uns beeindrucken mit seiner rigiden Entm\u00fcndigungspolitik. Aber eine lebenswerte Zukunft werden wir in Europa sehen, und zwar wenn wir konsequent und verbindlich auf Selbstbestimmung setzen. Einen Zwischenweg, der ohne den vollen Respekt gegen\u00fcber unserer digitalen Personen auskommt, sehe ich nicht.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10,11],"tags":[66,71,68,67,70,72,69,49,73],"class_list":["post-1383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-essentials","tag-data-ownership","tag-data-right","tag-data-sovereignity","tag-informational-self-determination","tag-internet-right","tag-legislation","tag-my-data-belong-to-me","tag-privacy","tag-right-to-use"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Our data belong to us \u2013 don\u2019t they? 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